@article{Curasi-2022-Range,
title = "Range shifts in a foundation sedge potentially induce large Arctic ecosystem carbon losses and gains",
author = "Curasi, Salvatore R. and
Fetcher, Ned and
Hewitt, Rebecca E. and
Lafleur, Peter M. and
Loranty, M. M. and
Mack, Michelle C. and
May, Jeremy L. and
Myers‐Smith, Isla H. and
Natali, Susan M. and
Oberbauer, Steven F. and
Parker, Thomas C. and
Sonnentag, Oliver and
Vargas, S. A. and
Wullschleger, Stan D. and
Rocha, Adrian V.",
journal = "Environmental Research Letters, Volume 17, Issue 4",
volume = "17",
number = "4",
year = "2022",
publisher = "IOP Publishing",
url = "https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G22-41001",
doi = "10.1088/1748-9326/ac6005",
pages = "045024",
abstract = "Abstract Foundation species have disproportionately large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. As a result, future changes to their distribution may be important determinants of ecosystem carbon (C) cycling in a warmer world. We assessed the role of a foundation tussock sedge ( Eriophorum vaginatum ) as a climatically vulnerable C stock using field data, a machine learning ecological niche model, and an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). Field data indicated that tussock density has decreased by {\textasciitilde}0.97 tussocks per m2 over the past {\textasciitilde}38 years on Alaska{'}s North Slope from {\textasciitilde}1981 to 2019. This declining trend is concerning because tussocks are a large Arctic C stock, which enhances soil organic layer C stocks by 6.9{\%} on average and represents 745 Tg C across our study area. By 2100, we project that changes in tussock density may decrease the tussock C stock by 41{\%} in regions where tussocks are currently abundant (e.g. -0.8 tussocks per m2 and -85 Tg C on the North Slope) and may increase the tussock C stock by 46{\%} in regions where tussocks are currently scarce (e.g. +0.9 tussocks per m2 and +81 Tg C on Victoria Island). These climate-induced changes to the tussock C stock were comparable to, but sometimes opposite in sign, to vegetation C stock changes predicted by an ensemble of TBMs. Our results illustrate the important role of tussocks as a foundation species in determining future Arctic C stocks and highlights the need for better representation of this species in TBMs.",
}
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<abstract>Abstract Foundation species have disproportionately large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. As a result, future changes to their distribution may be important determinants of ecosystem carbon (C) cycling in a warmer world. We assessed the role of a foundation tussock sedge ( Eriophorum vaginatum ) as a climatically vulnerable C stock using field data, a machine learning ecological niche model, and an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). Field data indicated that tussock density has decreased by ~0.97 tussocks per m2 over the past ~38 years on Alaska’s North Slope from ~1981 to 2019. This declining trend is concerning because tussocks are a large Arctic C stock, which enhances soil organic layer C stocks by 6.9% on average and represents 745 Tg C across our study area. By 2100, we project that changes in tussock density may decrease the tussock C stock by 41% in regions where tussocks are currently abundant (e.g. -0.8 tussocks per m2 and -85 Tg C on the North Slope) and may increase the tussock C stock by 46% in regions where tussocks are currently scarce (e.g. +0.9 tussocks per m2 and +81 Tg C on Victoria Island). These climate-induced changes to the tussock C stock were comparable to, but sometimes opposite in sign, to vegetation C stock changes predicted by an ensemble of TBMs. Our results illustrate the important role of tussocks as a foundation species in determining future Arctic C stocks and highlights the need for better representation of this species in TBMs.</abstract>
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%0 Journal Article
%T Range shifts in a foundation sedge potentially induce large Arctic ecosystem carbon losses and gains
%A Curasi, Salvatore R.
%A Fetcher, Ned
%A Hewitt, Rebecca E.
%A Lafleur, Peter M.
%A Loranty, M. M.
%A Mack, Michelle C.
%A May, Jeremy L.
%A Myers‐Smith, Isla H.
%A Natali, Susan M.
%A Oberbauer, Steven F.
%A Parker, Thomas C.
%A Sonnentag, Oliver
%A Vargas, S. A.
%A Wullschleger, Stan D.
%A Rocha, Adrian V.
%J Environmental Research Letters, Volume 17, Issue 4
%D 2022
%V 17
%N 4
%I IOP Publishing
%F Curasi-2022-Range
%X Abstract Foundation species have disproportionately large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. As a result, future changes to their distribution may be important determinants of ecosystem carbon (C) cycling in a warmer world. We assessed the role of a foundation tussock sedge ( Eriophorum vaginatum ) as a climatically vulnerable C stock using field data, a machine learning ecological niche model, and an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). Field data indicated that tussock density has decreased by ~0.97 tussocks per m2 over the past ~38 years on Alaska’s North Slope from ~1981 to 2019. This declining trend is concerning because tussocks are a large Arctic C stock, which enhances soil organic layer C stocks by 6.9% on average and represents 745 Tg C across our study area. By 2100, we project that changes in tussock density may decrease the tussock C stock by 41% in regions where tussocks are currently abundant (e.g. -0.8 tussocks per m2 and -85 Tg C on the North Slope) and may increase the tussock C stock by 46% in regions where tussocks are currently scarce (e.g. +0.9 tussocks per m2 and +81 Tg C on Victoria Island). These climate-induced changes to the tussock C stock were comparable to, but sometimes opposite in sign, to vegetation C stock changes predicted by an ensemble of TBMs. Our results illustrate the important role of tussocks as a foundation species in determining future Arctic C stocks and highlights the need for better representation of this species in TBMs.
%R 10.1088/1748-9326/ac6005
%U https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G22-41001
%U https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6005
%P 045024
Markdown (Informal)
[Range shifts in a foundation sedge potentially induce large Arctic ecosystem carbon losses and gains](https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G22-41001) (Curasi et al., GWF 2022)
ACL
- Salvatore R. Curasi, Ned Fetcher, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Peter M. Lafleur, M. M. Loranty, Michelle C. Mack, Jeremy L. May, Isla H. Myers‐Smith, Susan M. Natali, Steven F. Oberbauer, Thomas C. Parker, Oliver Sonnentag, S. A. Vargas, Stan D. Wullschleger, and Adrian V. Rocha. 2022. Range shifts in a foundation sedge potentially induce large Arctic ecosystem carbon losses and gains. Environmental Research Letters, Volume 17, Issue 4, 17(4):045024.
