Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget
Jennifer D. Watts, Mary Farina, John S. Kimball, Luke Schiferl, Zhihua Liu, Kyle A. Arndt, Donatella Zona, Ashley P. Ballantyne, Eugénie Euskirchen, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Manuel Helbig, Oliver Sonnentag, Torbern Tagesson, Janne Rinne, Hiroki Ikawa, Masahito Ueyama, Hideki Kobayashi, Torsten Sachs, Daniel F. Nadeau, John Kochendorfer, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczyński, Anna‐Maria Virkkala, Mika Aurela, R. Commane, Brendan Byrne, Leah Birch, Matthew S. Johnson, Nima Madani, Brendan M. Rogers, Jinyang Du, Arthur Endsley, K. E. Savage, B. Poulter, Zhen Zhang, L. Bruhwiler, Charles E. Miller, Scott J. Goetz, Walter C. Oechel
Abstract
Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco ), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of -850 Tg CO2 -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4 ) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4 -C year-1 . Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.- Cite:
- Jennifer D. Watts, Mary Farina, John S. Kimball, Luke Schiferl, Zhihua Liu, Kyle A. Arndt, Donatella Zona, Ashley P. Ballantyne, Eugénie Euskirchen, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Manuel Helbig, Oliver Sonnentag, Torbern Tagesson, Janne Rinne, Hiroki Ikawa, Masahito Ueyama, Hideki Kobayashi, Torsten Sachs, Daniel F. Nadeau, et al.. 2023. Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget. Global Change Biology, Volume 29, Issue 7, 29(7):1870–1889.
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@article{Watts-2023-Carbon,
title = "Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget",
author = "Watts, Jennifer D. and
Farina, Mary and
Kimball, John S. and
Schiferl, Luke and
Liu, Zhihua and
Arndt, Kyle A. and
Zona, Donatella and
Ballantyne, Ashley P. and
Euskirchen, Eug{\'e}nie and
Parmentier, Frans-Jan W. and
Helbig, Manuel and
Sonnentag, Oliver and
Tagesson, Torbern and
Rinne, Janne and
Ikawa, Hiroki and
Ueyama, Masahito and
Kobayashi, Hideki and
Sachs, Torsten and
Nadeau, Daniel F. and
Kochendorfer, John and
Jackowicz-Korczy{\'n}ski, Marcin and
Virkkala, Anna‐Maria and
Aurela, Mika and
Commane, R. and
Byrne, Brendan and
Birch, Leah and
Johnson, Matthew S. and
Madani, Nima and
Rogers, Brendan M. and
Du, Jinyang and
Endsley, Arthur and
Savage, K. E. and
Poulter, B. and
Zhang, Zhen and
Bruhwiler, L. and
Miller, Charles E. and
Goetz, Scott J. and
Oechel, Walter C.",
journal = "Global Change Biology, Volume 29, Issue 7",
volume = "29",
number = "7",
year = "2023",
publisher = "Wiley",
url = "https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G23-83001",
doi = "10.1111/gcb.16553",
pages = "1870--1889",
abstract = "Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco ), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from {\textgreater}60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of -850 Tg CO2 -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4 ) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4 -C year-1 . Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21{\%} and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.",
}
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<abstract>Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco ), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from \textgreater60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of -850 Tg CO2 -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4 ) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4 -C year-1 . Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.</abstract>
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%0 Journal Article %T Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget %A Watts, Jennifer D. %A Farina, Mary %A Kimball, John S. %A Schiferl, Luke %A Liu, Zhihua %A Arndt, Kyle A. %A Zona, Donatella %A Ballantyne, Ashley P. %A Euskirchen, Eugénie %A Parmentier, Frans-Jan W. %A Helbig, Manuel %A Sonnentag, Oliver %A Tagesson, Torbern %A Rinne, Janne %A Ikawa, Hiroki %A Ueyama, Masahito %A Kobayashi, Hideki %A Sachs, Torsten %A Nadeau, Daniel F. %A Kochendorfer, John %A Jackowicz-Korczyński, Marcin %A Virkkala, Anna‐Maria %A Aurela, Mika %A Commane, R. %A Byrne, Brendan %A Birch, Leah %A Johnson, Matthew S. %A Madani, Nima %A Rogers, Brendan M. %A Du, Jinyang %A Endsley, Arthur %A Savage, K. E. %A Poulter, B. %A Zhang, Zhen %A Bruhwiler, L. %A Miller, Charles E. %A Goetz, Scott J. %A Oechel, Walter C. %J Global Change Biology, Volume 29, Issue 7 %D 2023 %V 29 %N 7 %I Wiley %F Watts-2023-Carbon %X Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco ), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from \textgreater60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of -850 Tg CO2 -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4 ) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4 -C year-1 . Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change. %R 10.1111/gcb.16553 %U https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G23-83001 %U https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16553 %P 1870-1889
Markdown (Informal)
[Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget](https://gwf-uwaterloo.github.io/gwf-publications/G23-83001) (Watts et al., GWF 2023)
- Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget (Watts et al., GWF 2023)
ACL
- Jennifer D. Watts, Mary Farina, John S. Kimball, Luke Schiferl, Zhihua Liu, Kyle A. Arndt, Donatella Zona, Ashley P. Ballantyne, Eugénie Euskirchen, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Manuel Helbig, Oliver Sonnentag, Torbern Tagesson, Janne Rinne, Hiroki Ikawa, Masahito Ueyama, Hideki Kobayashi, Torsten Sachs, Daniel F. Nadeau, et al.. 2023. Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget. Global Change Biology, Volume 29, Issue 7, 29(7):1870–1889.